La Jara is a region that is structured into two different areas according to its geomorphological characteristics: to the north lie sedimentary soils created by siliceous alluvia, terraced deposits and valleys, whereas to the south can be found strong Palaeozoic structures composed by quartzite with slate or sandstone Banks alternating with marl.
There is predominantly granite area whose morphology varies according to the composition of rocks. There are some crags near Aldeanueva de Barbarroya which constitute a particularly interesting landscape of granite boulders.
Fauna
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La fauna de la VÃa Verde de la Jara es una buena representación de las especies comunes del monte mediterráneo.
En la zona de Calera y Chozas y sus llanuras y estepas cerealistas están presentes especies muy interesantes como la Avutada, el Sisón, la Ganga o el Alcaraván, entre otras.
Conviene destacar la presencia de dos especies en las trincheras y cortados de la VÃa Verde que no es común encontrar en los alrededores, se trata de la Collalba negra y del Roquero solitario. Igualmente es importante en la VÃa, por su volumen de población, el Avión roquero, que anida en el interior de los túneles.
Diferentes especies de peces habitan estas mismas aguas, algunas especies autóctonas como el Barbo común, la Colmilleja o la Boga y especies introducidas, como el Pez sol, el Pez gato y el Black Bass.
A continuación os mostraremos una descripción detallada de cada una de las especies , que exiten en los 4 hábitat que nos encontramos a lo largo de los 52 km que comprenden la VÃa Verde. Corzo (Capreolus capreolus)
Este grácil animal presenta un marcado dimorfismo sexual, como los demás miembros de la familia, con la presencia de pequeños cuernos ramificados en los machos que con frecuencia poseen un aspecto irregular. El pelaje de verano es rojizo y se torna grisáceo en invierno.
Su conducta es un tanto recatada y el hábitat boscoso donde se desenvuelve provocan que los encuentros con el corzo sean siempre fortuitos.
Es un mamÃfero perfectamente adaptado a la vida acuática y un eficiente seleccionador natural y controlador de las poblaciones de peces, anfibios, reptiles y cangrejos americanos. Esta joya de nuestra fauna viven en cualquier curso de agua tranquilo donde pueda encontrar alimento.
Antiguamente abundante, estuvo muchos años en peligro de extinción a causa de la persecución de la que era objeto por el valor de su piel y la destrucción y contaminación de su hábitat. Hoy estrictamente protegida, sus poblaciones parecen recuperarse.
En la VÃa Verde, habita en algunos tramos de los rÃos Tajo y Huso y sus afluentes. Si se observa fugazmente, puede confundirse con el Visón Americano, un mamÃfero semi-acuático introducido.
Hace un curioso nido a base de barro, plumas y materia vegetal con forma de semitaza. Gran consumidor de insectos, que captura en vuelo, es una beneficiosa especie de incalculable valor para la agricultura.
Una buena población de roqueros viven junto al rÃo Huso en su recorrido por la VÃa Verde de la Jara, hallándose interesantes colonias de nidificación en el interior de sus túneles.
Roquero Solitario (Monticola solitarius)
Unos 22 cm de tamaño. Macho de bello color azul, hembra más sombrÃa. Su nombre vulgar indica, en efecto, su forma de vida: hábitos solitarios y le gusta los terrenos con afloramientos rocosos, incluyendo castillos, puentes y ruinas; desde el mar a media montaña. Canto melodioso, posado o en vuelo.
Anida en cavidades de acantilados o paredes. Es sedentario aunque realiza dispersiones y trashumancias.El entorno de la VÃa Verde es un hábitat ideal para este bonito pájaro, que no es muy común en la PenÃnsula.
Los rabilargos nidifican en todo tipo de hábitats con arbolado más o menos denso, por lo que es fácil de observar en muchos tramos de la VÃa Verde.
De carácter gregario y sedentario, puede formar bandos de más de un centenar de individuos. Se alimenta de insectos y semillas.
The dominant vegatation is sclerophile (with hard leaves), typical of the Mediterranean forest and bush which extends in the environs of the Greenway. These plants can withstand extreme temperatures in summer and winter.
Another characteristic habitat are the rivers and streams that flow through the territory. On their banks grow species which are adapted to wet, cool soils.
In the spring, in April and May, spectacular colour displays take place when the rockrose and the lavender bloom, clothing the fields in white and a deep purple.
Protected Areas Near the Greenway
Toledo Mountains
The Sevilleja mountain range is highly valuable from the geological point of view: “geomorphologically, the Toledo Mountains are characterised by their “Appalachian†profile, of great scientific interest, both by the age of its rocks and tectonic organisation as by the complexity and duration of their morphogenesisâ€(Official Red Natura 2000 Form for SCI ES4250005). This is an area in which the vegetation and fauna of the central region are exceptionally well preserved due to iiits environmental conditions. It is a territory inhabited by species at risk of extinction such as the Iberian Imperial Eagle or the Black Vulture. Leisure use in valuable microhabitats must be regulated because the environmental impacts generated may place its conversation at risk.
Rincón del Torozo
A Chiroptera haven located in the Altamira mountain range, where the Jara Greenway ends. Highly significant because it houses the largest winter colony of cave bats (Miniopterus scherebeirsi) in the Iberian Peninsula.
The Micropreserve is protected within the threatened flora section. Its special humidity and temperature conditions have made it possible to preserve Eurosiberian species and vegetation formations, as well as some which are characteristic of ocean or even subtropical climates. These isolated manifestations are the last remains of vegetation formations whcih developed in climate conditions which are no longer found in the territory, and which can therefore be classified as veritable relics of the laurel forests that populated the penÃnsula 300 million years ago.
Of particular interest in this flora is the loro, a species dating back to the Tertiary, which appears in the micropreserve in bushes or individually, at the bottom of the gorde, near the river, or on the nearby rocks.
Protected Areas in the Greenway
In the region there are mostly Areas for the Special Protection of Birds (ASPBs) and Spots of Community Interest (SCIs), which became Special Protection Areas with the launching of the Red Natura 2000 network.
Oropesa, Lagartera and Calera y Chozas Marshes
This is an area of yearly pastures and wasterlands with a rich steppe bird fauna, such as bustard. Waterside vegetation also grows next to the rivers and streams and remains of grasslands. This is an area which is a candidate for SCI, as it includes hábitats included in Directive 92/43/CEE and as ASPB due to the presence of birds included in Directive 79/409/CEE.
Nava de Ricomalillo Mine
A candidate for SCI as it is a winter haven for a number of species of chiroptera which are included in the list of species under Directive 92/43/CEE.
Rivers on the left margin of the Tagus and the Aldeanueva de Barbarroya crags
In the Greenway area, the rivers Uso and FrÃo are included from their source in the Sevilleja mountain range to the Azután reservoir, as well as the Aldeanueva de Barbarroya crags. The beds of these rivers in their upper reaches create canyons inhabited by rock birds of interest as well as other fish and reptil especies. The surrounding vegetation is also of environmental interest. As for the Aldeanueva de Barbarroya crags, this is a well-preserved example of this kind of geomorphological formations.
Tagus River in Castrejón, Malpica de Tajo and Azután islands
The Azután reservoir is included as a SCI because it has marsh hábitats, Riverside formations and ravines inhabited by birds catalogued as threatened. It houses significant nesting colonies of kingfishers, egrets, and herons, and significant winter resting places for cormorants. Current leisure uses are regarded as suitable to preserve its environmental characteristics. This area is a candidate for SCi within the Red Nature as it is contains a habitat of interest and as an ASPB as it houses species included in Annexe I of the Bird Directive.